Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark patches of skin to appear on the face. It is most often found on the cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and upper lip. It is caused by an increase in melanin, which is the pigment that gives skin its color. The condition can be caused by a number of factors, including sun exposure, hormones, genetics, and skin irritation.
Diagnosis.
Melasma treatment by a dermatologist will examine the skin and ask questions about the patient's medical history. The doctor may also take a biopsy of the affected area for further analysis.
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Topical Medications.
Topical medications are the most common treatment for melasma. These medications help reduce the production of melanin and lighten the dark patches on the skin. Common topical medications include hydroquinone, tretinoin, corticosteroids, and azelaic acid.
Laser Therapy.
Laser therapy is used to target and destroy the melanin-producing cells. The laser light is usually focused on the affected area and it can help reduce the appearance of dark spots.
Chemical Peels.
Chemical peels involve applying a solution to the affected area to remove the top layer of skin. This helps to exfoliate the skin and reduce the appearance of dark spots. Chemical peels are usually done in a doctor's office and require multiple treatments for best results.